{"id":34030,"date":"2025-12-02T16:06:11","date_gmt":"2025-12-02T15:06:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.azzurrodigitale.com\/?p=34030"},"modified":"2025-12-02T17:35:51","modified_gmt":"2025-12-02T16:35:51","slug":"chatbot-for-welding-when-ai-guides-the-operator-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.azzurrodigitale.com\/en\/chatbot-for-welding-when-ai-guides-the-operator-2\/","title":{"rendered":"MVC and DDD: different models, same objective"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 ez-toc-wrap-left counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Indice dei contenuti<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #21bdff;color:#21bdff\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #21bdff;color:#21bdff\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.azzurrodigitale.com\/en\/chatbot-for-welding-when-ai-guides-the-operator-2\/#How_It_Works_Simplifying_Complexity\" >How It Works: Simplifying Complexity<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.azzurrodigitale.com\/en\/chatbot-for-welding-when-ai-guides-the-operator-2\/#Deep_Tech_for_Insiders\" >Deep Tech for Insiders<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.azzurrodigitale.com\/en\/chatbot-for-welding-when-ai-guides-the-operator-2\/#References\" >References<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><\/h4>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Article by Nicola Boscaro &#8211; Full-stack Developer at AzzurroDigitale<\/h4>\n\n<p><em>Explore how MVC and DDD, two different design patterns, both pursue the goal of creating robust and scalable web applications, adapting to different needs and complexities.<br\/><\/em><\/p>\n\n<div style=\"height:60px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<p><strong>MVC <\/strong>(<em>Model-View-Controller<\/em>) and <strong>DDD <\/strong>(<em>Domain-Driven Design<\/em>) are two software design approaches that help companies build robust web applications. The main difference lies in how they address complexity: MVC simplifies the management of the user interface and logic, while DDD focuses on business processes and their digital representation. <\/p>\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Quando-usare-MVC\">When to use MVC<\/h3>\n\n<p>MVC is particularly well suited to<strong> front-end development,<\/strong> especially with frameworks such as <strong>Angular<\/strong>. Thanks to its modular structure and clear separation between Model, <strong>View <\/strong>and <strong>Controller<\/strong>, MVC facilitates the creation of responsive, maintainable and scalable user interfaces, accelerating development and improving code readability at the UI level. <\/p>\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Quando-serve-DDD\">When DDD is needed<\/h3>\n\n<p>DDD addresses the <strong>backend<\/strong>, where the complexity of business processes, typical of sectors such as manufacturing, requires accurate domain modelling and a clear definition of boundaries between parts of the system (\u2018<em>bounded contexts<\/em>\u2019). DDD helps translate business requirements into consistent code,<strong> improving cooperation between developers and domain experts<\/strong>, and facilitates the transformation of monolithic systems into <strong>microservices<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Microservizi:-la-svolta-dei-&#x201C;grandi&#x201D;\">Microservices: the turning point for the &#8216;big players&#8217;<\/h3>\n\n<p>If the project grows or needs to adapt (e.g., many business divisions, product expansion), <strong>DDD is<\/strong> (almost) <strong>mandatory <\/strong>to achieve microservice architectures. <strong>Each \u201cservice\u201d<\/strong> can represent a piece of business, be adapted\/scaled separately, and communicate with other services.<\/p>\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"How-It-Works:-Semplificare-la-complessit&#xE0;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_It_Works_Simplifying_Complexity\"><\/span>How It Works: Simplifying Complexity<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"MVC-in-breve\">MVC in brief<\/h3>\n\n<p>Imagine an app as a factory: MVC divides it into three departments:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Model<\/strong>: machinery and data (information management)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>View<\/strong>: what the customer sees (interface)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Controller<\/strong>: who runs the factory (manages operations between Model and View)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>This way, any change to one part does not affect the rest.<\/p>\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"774\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.azzurrodigitale.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/30840fc3-27ae-426a-b558-5d04c1d94ac4-774x1024.png\" alt=\"MVC in brief: a scheme of how model, view and controller interact\" class=\"wp-image-34032\" style=\"width:280px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.azzurrodigitale.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/30840fc3-27ae-426a-b558-5d04c1d94ac4-774x1024.png 774w, https:\/\/www.azzurrodigitale.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/30840fc3-27ae-426a-b558-5d04c1d94ac4-227x300.png 227w, https:\/\/www.azzurrodigitale.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/30840fc3-27ae-426a-b558-5d04c1d94ac4-768x1016.png 768w, https:\/\/www.azzurrodigitale.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/30840fc3-27ae-426a-b558-5d04c1d94ac4.png 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 774px) 100vw, 774px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">MVC<\/p>\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"DDD-in-breve\">DDD in brief<\/h3>\n\n<p>DDD, on the other hand, builds software around what the company does. An example in manufacturing: if production is the heart of the business, DDD helps to represent it in the software with the logic that is really needed, <strong>keeping the different processes separate<\/strong> (\u201c<em>bounded contexts<\/em>\u201d). <\/p>\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.azzurrodigitale.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-articolo-nicola-1.webp\" alt=\"DDD in brief: a scheme of how the fabric, production, logistics and sales interact\" class=\"wp-image-34035\" style=\"width:324px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.azzurrodigitale.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-articolo-nicola-1.webp 1024w, https:\/\/www.azzurrodigitale.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-articolo-nicola-1-300x300.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.azzurrodigitale.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-articolo-nicola-1-150x150.webp 150w, https:\/\/www.azzurrodigitale.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-articolo-nicola-1-768x768.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">DDD<\/p>\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Per-chi-si-avvicina-ai-microservizi\"><strong>For those new to microservices<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n<p>When a project needs to evolve into microservices, DDD helps to \u201cslice the system\u201d, assigning each strong service a specific \u201ccontext\u201d and business logic, while MVC helps to structure the interface of each service.<\/p>\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-alpha-channel-opacity has-background is-style-dots\" style=\"margin-top:300;margin-bottom:300;background-color:#01bdff;color:#01bdff\"\/>\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color has-large-font-size wp-elements-fc012bf475b11b6cf9396693e942f31d\" style=\"color:#01bdff\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Deep_Tech_for_Insiders\"><\/span>Deep Tech for Insiders <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Pro-e-contro-di-MVC\">Pros and cons of MVC<\/h3>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Separation of duties<\/strong>: With Angular and other modern frameworks, the MVC pattern allows for a clear separation of presentation, logic, and data sources. This facilitates testability and maintainability, speeds up the development of new features, and allows large teams to work in parallel without generating conflicts. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Easy onboarding<\/strong>: the familiar structure of the pattern speeds up the integration of new developers, who can immediately identify where to intervene within the UI modules or services.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Limitations<\/strong>: In projects with highly complex logic, MVC risks becoming cumbersome. Applying the pattern in contexts where the business logic is intricate can lead to over-engineering of the UI and an increase in redundant code. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p><strong>Practical example<\/strong>: Imagine a detailed page in a complex back office, containing several tabs, each with different information and interaction logic. Thanks to the MVC architecture, each part of the interface is managed by independent components, which can be developed, tested and maintained separately. <\/p>\n\n<p>In this context:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The main component controls navigation between the various tabs: it monitors which tab is active and manages smooth transitions between screens, maintaining consistent navigation status.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>For each tab, there is a dedicated component that handles specific logic, such as data saving, form validation, and event emission (emitter) to communicate changes to the main component or other affected components.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"487\" height=\"769\" src=\"https:\/\/www.azzurrodigitale.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-articolo-nicola-2.png\" alt=\"image that shows thr dedcated tab \" class=\"wp-image-34038\" style=\"width:251px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.azzurrodigitale.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-articolo-nicola-2.png 487w, https:\/\/www.azzurrodigitale.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-articolo-nicola-2-190x300.png 190w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 487px) 100vw, 487px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<p>This separation not only makes the code more modular and reusable, but also improves the development experience by allowing complexity to be isolated and managed precisely, minimising side effects between different features.<\/p>\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Pro-e-contro-di-DDD\">Pros and cons of DDD<\/h3>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Perfect for complex systems<\/strong>: Domain-Driven Design allows you to model business processes and rules so that software abstractions truly reflect the business domain. It is not just a technique, but a way of thinking and a set of design priorities designed to accelerate development in highly complex contexts [1]. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Evolution and scalability management<\/strong>: DDD encourages designing parts of the system to reflect the domain model in a clear and direct manner, so that the correspondence between code and real concepts is immediate. Tools such as <em>bounded context<\/em>, aggregate and repository help separate responsibilities, rules and services, naturally facilitating any evolution towards microservice architectures. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Limitations<\/strong>: This approach requires constant collaboration with the business and longer analysis and design times. Furthermore, it does not bring significant benefits when the complexity of the domain is low or when requirements change very quickly. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<p><strong>Practical example<\/strong>: Creating backend logic for order management in manufacturing: using DDD, <em>bounded contexts<\/em> can map processes such as creating a contract for a customer and opening an order linked to that contract. Each context evolves independently, reflecting the business reality and exposing dedicated APIs for the frontend, which instead uses MVC\/Angular to display, for example, a filtered list. <\/p>\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"448\" height=\"721\" src=\"https:\/\/www.azzurrodigitale.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-articolo-nicola-3.png\" alt=\"images that shows the filtered list\" class=\"wp-image-34042\" style=\"width:248px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.azzurrodigitale.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-articolo-nicola-3.png 448w, https:\/\/www.azzurrodigitale.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-articolo-nicola-3-186x300.png 186w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 448px) 100vw, 448px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">DDD In AzzurroDigitale<\/h3>\n\n<p>In our experience at AzzurroDigitale, although <em>Domain-Driven Design<\/em> was not initially the predominant architectural model, in recent years we have progressively embraced this methodology as a pillar for managing the growing complexity of our projects. Today, DDD is our preferred choice, especially in contexts where the application must support multiple tenants, each with specific needs, and where product modularisation and scalability are essential requirements. <\/p>\n\n<p>By adopting DDD, we were able to effectively <strong>segment <\/strong>the code into <strong>highly specialised modules<\/strong>, each responsible for a well-defined portion of the domain logic, thus clearly separating the <strong>business logic<\/strong> from the <strong>rest of the application<\/strong>. This clear separation allowed us to delegate and isolate complexity within dedicated modules, facilitating maintainability, independent evolution, and the ability to extend or customise individual components without impacting the system as a whole. <\/p>\n\n<p>This strategy integrates perfectly with the requirements of microservice or modular architectures, where each component is autonomous and communicates with others via well-defined interfaces, while ensuring internal cohesion and overall flexibility. As Eric Evans points out in his book <em>Domain-Driven Design: Tackling Complexity in the Heart of Software<\/em>, \u201c<strong>The heart of software is the ability to solve domain-related problems for the user<\/strong>\u201d, and it is precisely this heart that we wanted to place at the centre of all our solutions, ensuring that the code faithfully reflects the real complexities of the business and is not limited to a simple technical implementation. <\/p>\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"References\"><\/span>References<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n<p>[1]: Evans, E. (2003). Domain-driven design: Tackling complexity in the heart of software. Addison-Wesley Educational.  <\/p>\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A clear comparison between MVC and DDD: two different approaches to creating scalable applications, understanding domain complexity, and preparing modern systems for modular architectures and microservices.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"[{\"id\":\"41cd1f37-ad3d-4d2a-bb61-de0ddc0418b7\",\"content\":\"<strong>OpenID Connect (OIDC)<\\\/strong> is a modern authentication protocol designed to securely identify users and allow applications to trust that identity without having to directly manage passwords. It is based on standard protocols, facilitating secure and flexible authentication flows, particularly suited to cloud and API-oriented environments. OIDC issues tokens, such as <strong>ID Tokens<\\\/strong>, that contain information about the user's identity, improving security and the user experience within integrated applications.  <br>\"},{\"id\":\"f4bda22d-1635-4fd1-8a34-3dea8b626be5\",\"content\":\"<strong>HIPAA<\\\/strong>, an acronym for <strong>Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act<\\\/strong>, is a U.S. law created to protect patients' sensitive health information by preventing its disclosure without the individual's consent or knowledge. It establishes standards for the privacy and security of health data, ensuring that healthcare providers, insurers, and their business partners maintain the confidentiality and integrity of patient information. HIPAA compliance is critical for organizations handling health data to avoid legal penalties and maintain patient trust.  <br>\"},{\"id\":\"1ddee4c3-ece6-42bc-ae40-6f012d87ea82\",\"content\":\"<strong>MFA<\\\/strong>, or <strong>multi-factor authentication<\\\/strong>, is a security mechanism that requires users to provide <em>two or more verification factors <\\\/em>to access an application or system. This process increases protection by combining something the user knows (such as a password) with something the user has (such as a smartphone app to generate codes) or something the user is (biometric verification). MFA significantly reduces the risk of unauthorized access, making it a fundamental element of modern security protocols.  <br>\"},{\"id\":\"93a80448-c7ab-47fe-9125-d61ab5827b69\",\"content\":\"An <strong>Identity Provider<\\\/strong> (IdP) is a central system responsible for managing and verifying user access. It authenticates users during login attempts, securely manages credentials (often with multi-factor authentication support), and issues digital tokens that allow access to applications without having to repeatedly enter usernames and passwords. Applications trust the tokens issued by the IdP, ensuring a seamless and secure user experience across various services.  <br>\"},{\"id\":\"3af435a4-9919-4037-9f60-e97bc1edcaee\",\"content\":\"<strong>SAML<\\\/strong> (<em>Security Assertion Markup Language<\\\/em>) is an open standard for exchanging authentication and authorization data between different parties, particularly between an identity provider and a service provider. It enables <strong>single sign-on (SSO)<\\\/strong>, allowing users to authenticate once and access multiple applications without having to log in again for each one. SAML uses XML-based assertions to securely convey user identity and attributes.  <br>\"}]"},"categories":[160],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-34030","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-digital-transformation-en"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>MVC and DDD: different models, same objective - AzzurroDigitale<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Confronto tra MVC e DDD: differenze, vantaggi e come scegliere l\u2019approccio giusto per creare applicazioni web scalabili e solide.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.azzurrodigitale.com\/en\/chatbot-for-welding-when-ai-guides-the-operator-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"MVC and DDD: different models, same objective - 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